What is Steel ?
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| Fundamentally, all steels are primarily mixture, or more properly alloys of iron and carbon. So called plain carbon steel also generally have small but specified amounts or percentages of manganese and silicon, pluss small unavoidable but measureable and limited amounts of phsphorus and sulfur. For example, the nominal composition of AISI or SAE 1045 steel might well be 0.45 C, 0.75 Mn, 0.040 P, 0.050 S, and 0.22 Si. Alloys steels are those which contain specified percentages of other elements in their chemical compositions. The elements most commonlu alloyed with steel are nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, and tungsten; manganese also falls into this category when it is specified in percentages generally in excess of 1%. One or more of these alloying elements may be required in steel to impart special characteristics or properties for engineering applications. |
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| However, carbon is the principal ingredient in most steels since the amount of carbon present in plain carbon steel has a pronounced effect on the properties of a steel and on the selection of suitable heat treatments to attain certain desired properties. |
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| Because of the importance of carbon content, one method of classifying plain carbon steels is upon this very basis. When only a little carbon is present in a particular steel, it is called a low-carbon steel, or mild steel. Low-carbon steels generally contain less than 0.30% carbon by weight. When the carbon content of the steel is between approxi- mately 0.30 and 0.60%, the steel is classified as medium- carbon steel. Steels containing over 0.60% carbon are high-carbon steels, and those containing over 0.77% may be called tool steels. Rarely does the carbon content fall into the range of 1.3 to 2.0%. The upper carbon limit of steels is about 2%. When more than this amount of carbon is present, the alloy (iron-carbon) is usually known as cast iron. Carbon contents of cast irons usually range from 2.30 to about 4.00%. Cast irons comprise a uniquely important group of casting alloys. |
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| Summarizing, steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, with the carbon content usually ranging from about 0.05 to about 1.0% although it may on occasion be in the 1 to 2% range. The balance of the chemical compositions of the many iron-carbon alloys known as plain carbon steels con- sists only of iron, except for about 0.40% each of phos- phorus and sulfur plus a few tenths of a per cent each of manganese and silicon. A tenth of a percent or so of some unspecified element present in carbon steel, such as chro- mium, nickel, or molybdenum, is known as a residual element. The percentage of such unspecified elements in carbon steel becomes significant to heat treating schedules for certain applications if they exceed certain established levels; in effect, then a mild alloy steel may be involved rather than a carbon steel. |
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WINTHERM Industrial ovens and furnaces aims to be SEA (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam) leading industrial ovens and furnaces maker that cater the range of other industrial ovens makers from overseas.
For more information please contact Furnace Indonesia at PT WinTherm Bara Indonesia, Jl. Jembatan Tiga Raya, No. 6A, Pejagalan, Kec. Penjaringan, Jakarta Utara, DKI Jakarta – 14440, Email : [email protected] Whatsapp : +62 812 9262 1971
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